System: Rewrite EXE override/loading

Relies on POST=7 as a kernel initialization indicator, instead of
patching the BIOS.

Fixes EXE loading with OpenBIOS and PS2 BIOS, and fast boot getting
baked into save states.

src/core/achievements.cpp

@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ std::string Achievements::GetGameHash(CDImage* image)
   BIOS::PSEXEHeader header = {};
   if (executable_data.size() >= sizeof(header))
     std::memcpy(&header, executable_data.data(), sizeof(header));
-  if (!BIOS::IsValidPSExeHeader(header, static_cast<u32>(executable_data.size())))
+  if (!BIOS::IsValidPSExeHeader(header, executable_data.size()))
   {
     ERROR_LOG("PS-EXE header is invalid in '{}' ({} bytes)", executable_name, executable_data.size());
     return {};

src/core/bios.cpp

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ Log_SetChannel(BIOS);
 
 namespace BIOS {
 static const ImageInfo* GetInfoForHash(const std::span<u8> image, const ImageInfo::Hash& hash);
+static void PatchBIOS(u8* image, u32 image_size, u32 address, u32 value, u32 mask = UINT32_C(0xFFFFFFFF));
 
 static constexpr ImageInfo::Hash MakeHashFromString(const char str[])
 {
@@ -255,54 +256,16 @@ bool BIOS::PatchBIOSFastBoot(u8* image, u32 image_size)
   return true;
 }
 
-bool BIOS::PatchBIOSForEXE(u8* image, u32 image_size, u32 r_pc, u32 r_gp, u32 r_sp, u32 r_fp)
+bool BIOS::IsValidPSExeHeader(const PSEXEHeader& header, size_t file_size)
-{
-#define PATCH(offset, value) PatchBIOS(image, image_size, (offset), (value))
-
-  // pc has to be done first because we can't load it in the delay slot
-  PATCH(0xBFC06FF0, UINT32_C(0x3C080000) | r_pc >> 16);                // lui $t0, (r_pc >> 16)
-  PATCH(0xBFC06FF4, UINT32_C(0x35080000) | (r_pc & UINT32_C(0xFFFF))); // ori $t0, $t0, (r_pc & 0xFFFF)
-  PATCH(0xBFC06FF8, UINT32_C(0x3C1C0000) | r_gp >> 16);                // lui $gp, (r_gp >> 16)
-  PATCH(0xBFC06FFC, UINT32_C(0x379C0000) | (r_gp & UINT32_C(0xFFFF))); // ori $gp, $gp, (r_gp & 0xFFFF)
-
-  if (r_sp != 0)
-  {
-    PATCH(0xBFC07000, UINT32_C(0x3C1D0000) | r_sp >> 16);                // lui $sp, (r_sp >> 16)
-    PATCH(0xBFC07004, UINT32_C(0x37BD0000) | (r_sp & UINT32_C(0xFFFF))); // ori $sp, $sp, (r_sp & 0xFFFF)
-  }
-  else
-  {
-    PATCH(0xBFC07000, UINT32_C(0x00000000)); // nop
-    PATCH(0xBFC07004, UINT32_C(0x00000000)); // nop
-  }
-  if (r_fp != 0)
-  {
-    PATCH(0xBFC07008, UINT32_C(0x3C1E0000) | r_fp >> 16);                // lui $fp, (r_fp >> 16)
-    PATCH(0xBFC0700C, UINT32_C(0x01000008));                             // jr $t0
-    PATCH(0xBFC07010, UINT32_C(0x37DE0000) | (r_fp & UINT32_C(0xFFFF))); // ori $fp, $fp, (r_fp & 0xFFFF)
-  }
-  else
-  {
-    PATCH(0xBFC07008, UINT32_C(0x00000000)); // nop
-    PATCH(0xBFC0700C, UINT32_C(0x01000008)); // jr $t0
-    PATCH(0xBFC07010, UINT32_C(0x00000000)); // nop
-  }
-
-#undef PATCH
-
-  return true;
-}
-
-bool BIOS::IsValidPSExeHeader(const PSEXEHeader& header, u32 file_size)
 {
   static constexpr char expected_id[] = {'P', 'S', '-', 'X', ' ', 'E', 'X', 'E'};
-  if (std::memcmp(header.id, expected_id, sizeof(expected_id)) != 0)
+  if (file_size < sizeof(expected_id) || std::memcmp(header.id, expected_id, sizeof(expected_id)) != 0)
     return false;
 
   if ((header.file_size + sizeof(PSEXEHeader)) > file_size)
   {
     WARNING_LOG("Incorrect file size in PS-EXE header: {} bytes should not be greater than {} bytes", header.file_size,
-                static_cast<unsigned>(file_size - sizeof(PSEXEHeader)));
+                file_size - sizeof(PSEXEHeader));
   }
 
   return true;

src/core/bios.h

@@ -70,12 +70,9 @@ std::optional<Image> LoadImageFromFile(const char* filename, Error* error);
 
 bool IsValidBIOSForRegion(ConsoleRegion console_region, ConsoleRegion bios_region);
 
-void PatchBIOS(u8* image, u32 image_size, u32 address, u32 value, u32 mask = UINT32_C(0xFFFFFFFF));
-
 bool PatchBIOSFastBoot(u8* image, u32 image_size);
-bool PatchBIOSForEXE(u8* image, u32 image_size, u32 r_pc, u32 r_gp, u32 r_sp, u32 r_fp);
 
-bool IsValidPSExeHeader(const PSEXEHeader& header, u32 file_size);
+bool IsValidPSExeHeader(const PSEXEHeader& header, size_t file_size);
 DiscRegion GetPSExeDiscRegion(const PSEXEHeader& header);
 
 /// Loads the BIOS image for the specified region.

src/core/bus.cpp

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-3.0 OR CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0)
 
 #include "bus.h"
+#include "bios.h"
 #include "cdrom.h"
 #include "cpu_code_cache.h"
 #include "cpu_core.h"
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@
 #include "interrupt_controller.h"
 #include "mdec.h"
 #include "pad.h"
+#include "psf_loader.h"
 #include "settings.h"
 #include "sio.h"
 #include "spu.h"
@@ -20,14 +22,17 @@
 #include "timers.h"
 #include "timing_event.h"
 
+#include "util/cd_image.h"
 #include "util/state_wrapper.h"
 
 #include "common/align.h"
 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/error.h"
+#include "common/file_system.h"
 #include "common/intrin.h"
 #include "common/log.h"
 #include "common/memmap.h"
+#include "common/path.h"
 
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <tuple>
@@ -146,6 +151,8 @@ static std::vector<std::pair<u8*, size_t>> s_fastmem_ram_views;
 
 static u8** s_fastmem_lut = nullptr;
 
+static bool s_kernel_initialize_hook_run = false;
+
 static void SetRAMSize(bool enable_8mb_ram);
 
 static std::tuple<TickCount, TickCount, TickCount> CalculateMemoryTiming(MEMDELAY mem_delay, COMDELAY common_delay);
@@ -155,6 +162,9 @@ static u8* GetLUTFastmemPointer(u32 address, u8* ram_ptr);
 
 static void SetRAMPageWritable(u32 page_index, bool writable);
 
+static void KernelInitializedHook();
+static bool SideloadEXE(const std::string& path, Error* error);
+
 static void SetHandlers();
 static void UpdateMappedRAMSize();
 
@@ -348,6 +358,7 @@ void Bus::Reset()
   s_MEMCTRL.exp2_delay_size.bits = 0x00070777;
   s_MEMCTRL.common_delay.bits = 0x00031125;
   g_ram_code_bits = {};
+  s_kernel_initialize_hook_run = false;
   RecalculateMemoryTimings();
 
   // Avoid remapping if unchanged.
@@ -358,35 +369,6 @@ void Bus::Reset()
   }
 }
 
-void Bus::AddTTYCharacter(char ch)
-{
-  if (ch == '\r')
-  {
-  }
-  else if (ch == '\n')
-  {
-    if (!s_tty_line_buffer.empty())
-    {
-      Log::FastWrite("TTY", "", LOGLEVEL_INFO, "\033[1;34m{}\033[0m", s_tty_line_buffer);
-#ifdef _DEBUG
-      if (CPU::IsTraceEnabled())
-        CPU::WriteToExecutionLog("TTY: %s\n", s_tty_line_buffer.c_str());
-#endif
-    }
-    s_tty_line_buffer.clear();
-  }
-  else
-  {
-    s_tty_line_buffer += ch;
-  }
-}
-
-void Bus::AddTTYString(std::string_view str)
-{
-  for (char ch : str)
-    AddTTYCharacter(ch);
-}
-
 bool Bus::DoState(StateWrapper& sw)
 {
   u32 ram_size = g_ram_size;
@@ -420,12 +402,10 @@ bool Bus::DoState(StateWrapper& sw)
     UpdateMappedRAMSize();
 
   sw.Do(&s_tty_line_buffer);
-  return !sw.HasError();
-}
 
-void Bus::SetExpansionROM(std::vector<u8> data)
+  sw.DoEx(&s_kernel_initialize_hook_run, 68, true);
-{
+
-  s_exp1_rom = std::move(data);
+  return !sw.HasError();
 }
 
 std::tuple<TickCount, TickCount, TickCount> Bus::CalculateMemoryTiming(MEMDELAY mem_delay, COMDELAY common_delay)
@@ -863,6 +843,146 @@ std::optional<PhysicalMemoryAddress> Bus::SearchMemory(PhysicalMemoryAddress sta
   return std::nullopt;
 }
 
+void Bus::SetExpansionROM(std::vector<u8> data)
+{
+  s_exp1_rom = std::move(data);
+}
+
+void Bus::AddTTYCharacter(char ch)
+{
+  if (ch == '\r')
+  {
+  }
+  else if (ch == '\n')
+  {
+    if (!s_tty_line_buffer.empty())
+    {
+      Log::FastWrite("TTY", "", LOGLEVEL_INFO, "\033[1;34m{}\033[0m", s_tty_line_buffer);
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+      if (CPU::IsTraceEnabled())
+        CPU::WriteToExecutionLog("TTY: %s\n", s_tty_line_buffer.c_str());
+#endif
+    }
+    s_tty_line_buffer.clear();
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    s_tty_line_buffer += ch;
+  }
+}
+
+void Bus::AddTTYString(std::string_view str)
+{
+  for (char ch : str)
+    AddTTYCharacter(ch);
+}
+
+bool Bus::InjectExecutable(std::span<const u8> buffer, bool set_pc, Error* error)
+{
+  BIOS::PSEXEHeader header;
+  if (buffer.size() < sizeof(header))
+  {
+    Error::SetStringView(error, "Executable does not contain a header.");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  std::memcpy(&header, buffer.data(), sizeof(header));
+  if (!BIOS::IsValidPSExeHeader(header, buffer.size()))
+  {
+    Error::SetStringView(error, "Executable does not contain a valid header.");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (header.memfill_size > 0)
+  {
+    const u32 words_to_write = header.memfill_size / 4;
+    u32 address = header.memfill_start & ~UINT32_C(3);
+    for (u32 i = 0; i < words_to_write; i++)
+    {
+      CPU::SafeWriteMemoryWord(address, 0);
+      address += sizeof(u32);
+    }
+  }
+
+  const u32 data_load_size =
+    std::min(static_cast<u32>(static_cast<u32>(buffer.size() - sizeof(BIOS::PSEXEHeader))), header.file_size);
+  if (data_load_size > 0)
+  {
+    if (!CPU::SafeWriteMemoryBytes(header.load_address, &buffer[sizeof(header)], data_load_size))
+    {
+      Error::SetStringFmt(error, "Failed to upload {} bytes to memory at address 0x{:08X}.", data_load_size,
+                          header.load_address);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // patch the BIOS to jump to the executable directly
+  if (set_pc)
+  {
+    const u32 r_pc = header.initial_pc;
+    CPU::g_state.regs.gp = header.initial_gp;
+    CPU::g_state.regs.sp = header.initial_sp_base + header.initial_sp_offset;
+    CPU::g_state.regs.fp = header.initial_sp_base + header.initial_sp_offset;
+    CPU::SetPC(r_pc);
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void Bus::KernelInitializedHook()
+{
+  if (s_kernel_initialize_hook_run)
+    return;
+
+  INFO_LOG("Kernel initialized.");
+  s_kernel_initialize_hook_run = true;
+
+  const System::BootMode boot_mode = System::GetBootMode();
+  if (boot_mode == System::BootMode::BootEXE || boot_mode == System::BootMode::BootPSF)
+  {
+    Error error;
+    if (((boot_mode == System::BootMode::BootEXE) ? SideloadEXE(System::GetExeOverride(), &error) :
+                                                    PSFLoader::Load(System::GetExeOverride(), &error)))
+    {
+      // Clear all state, since we're blatently overwriting memory.
+      CPU::CodeCache::Reset();
+      CPU::ClearICache();
+
+      // Stop executing the current block and shell init, and jump straight to the new code.
+      DebugAssert(!TimingEvents::IsRunningEvents());
+      CPU::ExitExecution();
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      // Shut down system on load failure.
+      Host::ReportErrorAsync("EXE/PSF Load Failed", error.GetDescription());
+      System::ShutdownSystem(false);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+bool Bus::SideloadEXE(const std::string& path, Error* error)
+{
+  // look for a libps.exe next to the exe, if it exists, load it
+  bool okay = true;
+  if (const std::string libps_path = Path::BuildRelativePath(path, "libps.exe");
+      FileSystem::FileExists(libps_path.c_str()))
+  {
+    const std::optional<std::vector<u8>> exe_data = FileSystem::ReadBinaryFile(libps_path.c_str(), error);
+    okay = (exe_data.has_value() && InjectExecutable(exe_data.value(), false, error));
+    if (!okay)
+      Error::AddPrefix(error, "Failed to load libps.exe: ");
+  }
+  if (okay)
+  {
+    const std::optional<std::vector<u8>> exe_data = FileSystem::ReadBinaryFile(System::GetExeOverride().c_str(), error);
+    okay = (exe_data.has_value() && InjectExecutable(exe_data.value(), true, error));
+    if (!okay)
+      Error::AddPrefixFmt(error, "Failed to load {}: ", Path::GetFileName(path));
+  }
+
+  return okay;
+}
+
 #define BUS_CYCLES(n) CPU::g_state.pending_ticks += n
 
 // TODO: Move handlers to own files for better inlining.
@@ -1192,7 +1312,10 @@ void Bus::EXP2WriteHandler(VirtualMemoryAddress address, u32 value)
   }
   else if (offset == 0x41 || offset == 0x42)
   {
-    DEV_LOG("BIOS POST status: {:02X}", value & UINT32_C(0x0F));
+    const u32 post_code = value & UINT32_C(0x0F);
+    DEV_LOG("BIOS POST status: {:02X}", post_code);
+    if (post_code == 0x07)
+      KernelInitializedHook();
   }
   else if (offset == 0x70)
   {
@@ -1233,7 +1356,12 @@ void Bus::EXP3WriteHandler(VirtualMemoryAddress address, u32 value)
 {
   const u32 offset = address & EXP3_MASK;
   if (offset == 0)
-    WARNING_LOG("BIOS POST3 status: {:02X}", value & UINT32_C(0x0F));
+  {
+    const u32 post_code = value & UINT32_C(0x0F);
+    WARNING_LOG("BIOS POST3 status: {:02X}", post_code);
+    if (post_code == 0x07)
+      KernelInitializedHook();
+  }
 }
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

src/core/bus.h

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include <array>
 #include <bitset>
 #include <optional>
+#include <span>
 #include <string>
 #include <string_view>
 #include <vector>
@@ -218,4 +219,7 @@ std::optional<PhysicalMemoryAddress> SearchMemory(PhysicalMemoryAddress start_ad
 void AddTTYCharacter(char ch);
 void AddTTYString(std::string_view str);
 
+/// Injects a PS-EXE into memory at its specified load location. If set_pc is set, execution will be redirected.
+bool InjectExecutable(std::span<const u8> buffer, bool set_pc, Error* error);
+
 } // namespace Bus

src/core/cpu_core.cpp

@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ Log_SetChannel(CPU::Core);
 
 namespace CPU {
 static bool ShouldUseInterpreter();
-static void SetPC(u32 new_pc);
 static void UpdateLoadDelay();
 static void Branch(u32 target);
 static void FlushLoadDelay();
@@ -306,7 +305,7 @@ ALWAYS_INLINE_RELEASE bool CPU::ShouldUseInterpreter()
   return (g_settings.cpu_execution_mode == CPUExecutionMode::Interpreter || g_state.using_debug_dispatcher);
 }
 
-ALWAYS_INLINE_RELEASE void CPU::SetPC(u32 new_pc)
+void CPU::SetPC(u32 new_pc)
 {
   DebugAssert(Common::IsAlignedPow2(new_pc, 4));
   g_state.npc = new_pc;

src/core/cpu_core_private.h

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
 
 namespace CPU {
 
+void SetPC(u32 new_pc);
+
 // exceptions
 void RaiseException(Exception excode);
 void RaiseException(u32 CAUSE_bits, u32 EPC);

src/core/game_list.cpp

@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ bool GameList::GetPsfListEntry(const std::string& path, Entry* entry)
 {
   // we don't need to walk the library chain here - the top file is enough
   PSFLoader::File file;
-  if (!file.Load(path.c_str()))
+  if (!file.Load(path.c_str(), nullptr))
     return false;
 
   entry->serial.clear();

src/core/psf_loader.cpp

@@ -1,21 +1,29 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2019-2022 Connor McLaughlin <stenzek@gmail.com>
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2019-2024 Connor McLaughlin <stenzek@gmail.com>
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-3.0 OR CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0)
 
 #include "psf_loader.h"
 #include "bios.h"
+#include "bus.h"
+#include "system.h"
+
 #include "common/assert.h"
+#include "common/error.h"
 #include "common/file_system.h"
 #include "common/log.h"
 #include "common/path.h"
-#include "system.h"
+
 #include "zlib.h"
+
 #include <cctype>
 #include <cstring>
+
 Log_SetChannel(PSFLoader);
 
 namespace PSFLoader {
+static bool LoadLibraryPSF(const std::string& path, bool use_pc_sp, Error* error, u32 depth = 0);
+}
 
-std::optional<std::string> File::GetTagString(const char* tag_name) const
+std::optional<std::string> PSFLoader::File::GetTagString(const char* tag_name) const
 {
   auto it = m_tags.find(tag_name);
   if (it == m_tags.end())
@@ -24,7 +32,7 @@ std::optional<std::string> File::GetTagString(const char* tag_name) const
   return it->second;
 }
 
-std::optional<int> File::GetTagInt(const char* tag_name) const
+std::optional<int> PSFLoader::File::GetTagInt(const char* tag_name) const
 {
   auto it = m_tags.find(tag_name);
   if (it == m_tags.end())
@@ -33,7 +41,7 @@ std::optional<int> File::GetTagInt(const char* tag_name) const
   return std::atoi(it->second.c_str());
 }
 
-std::optional<float> File::GetTagFloat(const char* tag_name) const
+std::optional<float> PSFLoader::File::GetTagFloat(const char* tag_name) const
 {
   auto it = m_tags.find(tag_name);
   if (it == m_tags.end())
@@ -42,7 +50,7 @@ std::optional<float> File::GetTagFloat(const char* tag_name) const
   return static_cast<float>(std::atof(it->second.c_str()));
 }
 
-std::string File::GetTagString(const char* tag_name, const char* default_value) const
+std::string PSFLoader::File::GetTagString(const char* tag_name, const char* default_value) const
 {
   std::optional<std::string> value(GetTagString(tag_name));
   if (value.has_value())
@@ -51,24 +59,21 @@ std::string File::GetTagString(const char* tag_name, const char* default_value)
   return default_value;
 }
 
-int File::GetTagInt(const char* tag_name, int default_value) const
+int PSFLoader::File::GetTagInt(const char* tag_name, int default_value) const
 {
   return GetTagInt(tag_name).value_or(default_value);
 }
 
-float File::GetTagFloat(const char* tag_name, float default_value) const
+float PSFLoader::File::GetTagFloat(const char* tag_name, float default_value) const
 {
   return GetTagFloat(tag_name).value_or(default_value);
 }
 
-bool File::Load(const char* path)
+bool PSFLoader::File::Load(const char* path, Error* error)
 {
-  std::optional<std::vector<u8>> file_data(FileSystem::ReadBinaryFile(path));
+  std::optional<std::vector<u8>> file_data(FileSystem::ReadBinaryFile(path, error));
   if (!file_data.has_value() || file_data->empty())
-  {
-    ERROR_LOG("Failed to open/read PSF file '{}'", path);
     return false;
-  }
 
   const u8* file_pointer = file_data->data();
   const u8* file_pointer_end = file_data->data() + file_data->size();
@@ -81,7 +86,7 @@ bool File::Load(const char* path)
       header.compressed_program_size == 0 ||
       (sizeof(header) + header.reserved_area_size + header.compressed_program_size) > file_size)
   {
-    ERROR_LOG("Invalid or incompatible header in PSF '{}'", path);
+    Error::SetStringView(error, "Invalid or incompatible PSF header.");
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -98,7 +103,7 @@ bool File::Load(const char* path)
   int err = inflateInit(&strm);
   if (err != Z_OK)
   {
-    ERROR_LOG("inflateInit() failed: {}", err);
+    Error::SetStringFmt(error, "inflateInit() failed: {}", err);
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -106,7 +111,7 @@ bool File::Load(const char* path)
   err = inflate(&strm, Z_NO_FLUSH);
   if (err != Z_STREAM_END)
   {
-    ERROR_LOG("inflate() failed: {}", err);
+    Error::SetStringFmt(error, "inflate() failed: {}", err);
     inflateEnd(&strm);
     return false;
   }
@@ -166,19 +171,20 @@ bool File::Load(const char* path)
   return true;
 }
 
-static bool LoadLibraryPSF(const char* path, bool use_pc_sp, u32 depth = 0)
+bool PSFLoader::LoadLibraryPSF(const std::string& path, bool use_pc_sp, Error* error, u32 depth)
 {
   // don't recurse past 10 levels just in case of broken files
   if (depth >= 10)
   {
-    ERROR_LOG("Recursion depth exceeded when loading PSF '{}'", path);
+    Error::SetStringFmt(error, "Recursion depth exceeded when loading PSF '{}'", Path::GetFileName(path));
     return false;
   }
 
   File file;
-  if (!file.Load(path))
+  if (!file.Load(path.c_str(), error))
   {
-    ERROR_LOG("Failed to load main PSF '{}'", path);
+    Error::AddPrefixFmt(error, "Failed to load {} PSF '{}': ", (depth == 0) ? "main" : "parent",
+                        Path::GetFileName(path));
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -186,16 +192,13 @@ static bool LoadLibraryPSF(const char* path, bool use_pc_sp, u32 depth = 0)
   std::optional<std::string> lib_name(file.GetTagString("_lib"));
   if (lib_name.has_value())
   {
-    const std::string lib_path(Path::BuildRelativePath(path, lib_name.value()));
+    const std::string lib_path = Path::BuildRelativePath(path, lib_name.value());
-    INFO_LOG("Loading main parent PSF '{}'", lib_path);
+    INFO_LOG("Loading parent PSF '{}'", Path::GetFileName(lib_path));
 
     // We should use the initial SP/PC from the **first** parent lib.
     const bool lib_use_pc_sp = (depth == 0);
-    if (!LoadLibraryPSF(lib_path.c_str(), lib_use_pc_sp, depth + 1))
+    if (!LoadLibraryPSF(lib_path.c_str(), lib_use_pc_sp, error, depth + 1))
-    {
-      ERROR_LOG("Failed to load main parent PSF '{}'", lib_path);
       return false;
-    }
 
     // Don't apply the PC/SP from the minipsf file.
     if (lib_use_pc_sp)
@@ -203,10 +206,10 @@ static bool LoadLibraryPSF(const char* path, bool use_pc_sp, u32 depth = 0)
   }
 
   // apply the main psf
-  if (!System::InjectEXEFromBuffer(file.GetProgramData().data(), static_cast<u32>(file.GetProgramData().size()),
+  if (!Bus::InjectExecutable(file.GetProgramData(), use_pc_sp, error))
-                                   use_pc_sp))
   {
-    ERROR_LOG("Failed to parse EXE from PSF '{}'", path);
+    Error::AddPrefixFmt(error, "Failed to inject {} PSF '{}': ", (depth == 0) ? "main" : "parent",
+                        Path::GetFileName(path));
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -218,22 +221,17 @@ static bool LoadLibraryPSF(const char* path, bool use_pc_sp, u32 depth = 0)
     if (!lib_name.has_value())
       break;
 
-    const std::string lib_path(Path::BuildRelativePath(path, lib_name.value()));
+    const std::string lib_path = Path::BuildRelativePath(path, lib_name.value());
-    INFO_LOG("Loading parent PSF '{}'", lib_path);
+    INFO_LOG("Loading parent PSF '{}'", Path::GetFileName(lib_path));
-    if (!LoadLibraryPSF(lib_path.c_str(), false, depth + 1))
+    if (!LoadLibraryPSF(lib_path.c_str(), false, error, depth + 1))
-    {
-      ERROR_LOG("Failed to load parent PSF '{}'", lib_path);
       return false;
-    }
   }
 
   return true;
 }
 
-bool Load(const char* path)
+bool PSFLoader::Load(const std::string& path, Error* error)
 {
   INFO_LOG("Loading PSF file from '{}'", path);
-  return LoadLibraryPSF(path, true);
+  return LoadLibraryPSF(path, true, error);
 }
-
-} // namespace PSFLoader

src/core/psf_loader.h

@@ -1,14 +1,18 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2019-2022 Connor McLaughlin <stenzek@gmail.com>
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2019-2024 Connor McLaughlin <stenzek@gmail.com>
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-3.0 OR CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0)
 
 #pragma once
+
 #include "types.h"
+
 #include <map>
 #include <optional>
 #include <string>
 #include <string_view>
 #include <vector>
 
+class Error;
+
 namespace PSFLoader {
 
 #pragma pack(push, 1)
@@ -40,7 +44,7 @@ public:
   int GetTagInt(const char* tag_name, int default_value) const;
   float GetTagFloat(const char* tag_name, float default_value) const;
 
-  bool Load(const char* path);
+  bool Load(const char* path, Error* error);
 
 private:
   enum : u32
@@ -53,6 +57,6 @@ private:
   DiscRegion m_region = DiscRegion::Other;
 };
 
-bool Load(const char* path);
+bool Load(const std::string& path, Error* error);
 
 } // namespace PSFLoader

src/core/save_state_version.h

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 #include "types.h"
 
 static constexpr u32 SAVE_STATE_MAGIC = 0x43435544;
-static constexpr u32 SAVE_STATE_VERSION = 67;
+static constexpr u32 SAVE_STATE_VERSION = 68;
 static constexpr u32 SAVE_STATE_MINIMUM_VERSION = 42;
 
 static_assert(SAVE_STATE_VERSION >= SAVE_STATE_MINIMUM_VERSION);

src/core/system.cpp

@@ -108,8 +108,6 @@ static std::optional<ExtendedSaveStateInfo> InternalGetExtendedSaveStateInfo(Byt
 
 static void LoadInputBindings(SettingsInterface& si, std::unique_lock<std::mutex>& lock);
 
-static bool LoadEXE(const char* filename);
-
 static std::string GetExecutableNameForImage(IsoReader& iso, bool strip_subdirectories);
 static bool ReadExecutableFromImage(IsoReader& iso, std::string* out_executable_name,
                                     std::vector<u8>* out_executable_data);
@@ -117,6 +115,7 @@ static GameHash GetGameHashFromBuffer(std::string_view exe_name, std::span<const
                                       const IsoReader::ISOPrimaryVolumeDescriptor& iso_pvd, u32 track_1_length);
 
 static bool LoadBIOS(Error* error);
+static void ResetBootMode();
 static void InternalReset();
 static void ClearRunningGame();
 static void DestroySystem();
@@ -183,10 +182,11 @@ static BIOS::ImageInfo::Hash s_bios_hash = {};
 static std::string s_running_game_path;
 static std::string s_running_game_serial;
 static std::string s_running_game_title;
+static std::string s_exe_override;
 static const GameDatabase::Entry* s_running_game_entry = nullptr;
 static System::GameHash s_running_game_hash;
+static System::BootMode s_boot_mode = System::BootMode::FullBoot;
 static bool s_running_game_custom_title = false;
-static bool s_was_fast_booted = false;
 
 static bool s_system_executing = false;
 static bool s_system_interrupted = false;
@@ -585,6 +585,11 @@ const std::string& System::GetGameTitle()
   return s_running_game_title;
 }
 
+const std::string& System::GetExeOverride()
+{
+  return s_exe_override;
+}
+
 const GameDatabase::Entry* System::GetGameDatabaseEntry()
 {
   return s_running_game_entry;
@@ -600,9 +605,9 @@ bool System::IsRunningUnknownGame()
   return !s_running_game_entry;
 }
 
-bool System::WasFastBooted()
+System::BootMode System::GetBootMode()
 {
-  return s_was_fast_booted;
+  return s_boot_mode;
 }
 
 const BIOS::ImageInfo* System::GetBIOSImageInfo()
@@ -1034,7 +1039,7 @@ DiscRegion System::GetRegionForExe(const char* path)
 DiscRegion System::GetRegionForPsf(const char* path)
 {
   PSFLoader::File psf;
-  if (!psf.Load(path))
+  if (!psf.Load(path, nullptr))
     return DiscRegion::Other;
 
   return psf.GetRegion();
@@ -1516,18 +1521,27 @@ bool System::BootSystem(SystemBootParameters parameters, Error* error)
   // Load CD image up and detect region.
   std::unique_ptr<CDImage> disc;
   DiscRegion disc_region = DiscRegion::NonPS1;
-  bool do_exe_boot = false;
+  BootMode boot_mode = BootMode::FullBoot;
-  bool do_psf_boot = false;
+  std::string exe_override;
   if (!parameters.filename.empty())
   {
-    do_exe_boot = IsExeFileName(parameters.filename);
+    if (IsExeFileName(parameters.filename))
-    do_psf_boot = (!do_exe_boot && IsPsfFileName(parameters.filename));
+    {
-    if (do_exe_boot || do_psf_boot)
+      boot_mode = BootMode::BootEXE;
+      exe_override = parameters.filename;
+    }
+    else if (IsPsfFileName(parameters.filename))
+    {
+      boot_mode = BootMode::BootPSF;
+      exe_override = parameters.filename;
+    }
+    if (boot_mode == BootMode::BootEXE || boot_mode == BootMode::BootPSF)
     {
       if (s_region == ConsoleRegion::Auto)
       {
         const DiscRegion file_region =
-          (do_exe_boot ? GetRegionForExe(parameters.filename.c_str()) : GetRegionForPsf(parameters.filename.c_str()));
+          ((boot_mode == BootMode::BootEXE) ? GetRegionForExe(parameters.filename.c_str()) :
+                                              GetRegionForPsf(parameters.filename.c_str()));
         INFO_LOG("EXE/PSF Region: {}", Settings::GetDiscRegionDisplayName(file_region));
         s_region = GetConsoleRegionForDiscRegion(file_region);
       }
@@ -1561,6 +1575,16 @@ bool System::BootSystem(SystemBootParameters parameters, Error* error)
                       Settings::GetDiscRegionName(disc_region), Settings::GetConsoleRegionName(s_region));
         }
       }
+
+      const bool wants_fast_boot =
+        parameters.override_fast_boot.value_or(static_cast<bool>(g_settings.bios_patch_fast_boot));
+      if (wants_fast_boot)
+      {
+        if (disc_region == DiscRegion::NonPS1)
+          ERROR_LOG("Not fast booting non-PS1 disc.");
+        else
+          boot_mode = BootMode::FastBoot;
+      }
     }
   }
   else
@@ -1587,7 +1611,6 @@ bool System::BootSystem(SystemBootParameters parameters, Error* error)
   UpdateRunningGame(disc ? disc->GetFileName().c_str() : parameters.filename.c_str(), disc.get(), true);
 
   // Get boot EXE override.
-  std::string exe_boot;
   if (!parameters.override_exe.empty())
   {
     if (!FileSystem::FileExists(parameters.override_exe.c_str()) || !IsExeFileName(parameters.override_exe))
@@ -1601,11 +1624,8 @@ bool System::BootSystem(SystemBootParameters parameters, Error* error)
     }
 
     INFO_LOG("Overriding boot executable: '{}'", parameters.override_exe);
-    exe_boot = std::move(parameters.override_exe);
+    boot_mode = BootMode::BootEXE;
-  }
+    exe_override = std::move(parameters.override_exe);
-  else if (do_exe_boot)
-  {
-    exe_boot = std::move(parameters.filename);
   }
 
   // Check for SBI.
@@ -1621,12 +1641,15 @@ bool System::BootSystem(SystemBootParameters parameters, Error* error)
   // Check for resuming with hardcore mode.
   if (parameters.disable_achievements_hardcore_mode)
     Achievements::DisableHardcoreMode();
-  if (!parameters.save_state.empty() && Achievements::IsHardcoreModeActive())
+  if ((!parameters.save_state.empty() || !exe_override.empty()) && Achievements::IsHardcoreModeActive())
   {
+    const bool is_exe_override_boot = parameters.save_state.empty();
     bool cancelled;
     if (FullscreenUI::IsInitialized())
     {
-      Achievements::ConfirmHardcoreModeDisableAsync(TRANSLATE("Achievements", "Resuming state"),
+      Achievements::ConfirmHardcoreModeDisableAsync(is_exe_override_boot ?
+                                                      TRANSLATE("Achievements", "Overriding executable") :
+                                                      TRANSLATE("Achievements", "Resuming state"),
                                                     [parameters = std::move(parameters)](bool approved) mutable {
                                                       if (approved)
                                                       {
@@ -1638,7 +1661,9 @@ bool System::BootSystem(SystemBootParameters parameters, Error* error)
     }
     else
     {
-      cancelled = !Achievements::ConfirmHardcoreModeDisable(TRANSLATE("Achievements", "Resuming state"));
+      cancelled = !Achievements::ConfirmHardcoreModeDisable(is_exe_override_boot ?
+                                                              TRANSLATE("Achievements", "Overriding executable") :
+                                                              TRANSLATE("Achievements", "Resuming state"));
     }
 
     if (cancelled)
@@ -1677,45 +1702,14 @@ bool System::BootSystem(SystemBootParameters parameters, Error* error)
   if (disc)
     CDROM::InsertMedia(std::move(disc), disc_region);
 
+  s_boot_mode = boot_mode;
+  s_exe_override = std::move(exe_override);
+
   UpdateControllers();
   UpdateMemoryCardTypes();
   UpdateMultitaps();
   InternalReset();
 
-  // Load EXE late after BIOS.
-  if (!exe_boot.empty() && !LoadEXE(exe_boot.c_str()))
-  {
-    Error::SetStringFmt(error, "Failed to load EXE file '{}'", Path::GetFileName(exe_boot));
-    DestroySystem();
-    return false;
-  }
-  else if (do_psf_boot && !PSFLoader::Load(parameters.filename.c_str()))
-  {
-    Error::SetStringFmt(error, "Failed to load PSF file '{}'", Path::GetFileName(parameters.filename));
-    DestroySystem();
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  // Apply fastboot patch if enabled.
-  if (CDROM::HasMedia() && (parameters.override_fast_boot.has_value() ? parameters.override_fast_boot.value() :
-                                                                        g_settings.bios_patch_fast_boot))
-  {
-    if (!CDROM::IsMediaPS1Disc())
-    {
-      ERROR_LOG("Not fast booting non-PS1 disc.");
-    }
-    else if (!s_bios_image_info || !s_bios_image_info->patch_compatible)
-    {
-      ERROR_LOG("Not patching fast boot, as BIOS is not patch compatible.");
-    }
-    else
-    {
-      // TODO: Fast boot without patches...
-      BIOS::PatchBIOSFastBoot(Bus::g_bios, Bus::BIOS_SIZE);
-      s_was_fast_booted = true;
-    }
-  }
-
   // Texture replacement preloading.
   // TODO: Move this and everything else below OnSystemStarted().
   TextureReplacements::SetGameID(s_running_game_serial);
@@ -1932,7 +1926,8 @@ void System::DestroySystem()
 
   s_bios_hash = {};
   s_bios_image_info = nullptr;
-  s_was_fast_booted = false;
+  s_exe_override = {};
+  s_boot_mode = BootMode::FullBoot;
   s_cheat_list.reset();
 
   s_state = State::Shutdown;
@@ -2474,10 +2469,51 @@ void System::InternalReset()
   s_internal_frame_number = 0;
   InterruptExecution();
   ResetPerformanceCounters();
+  ResetBootMode();
 
   Achievements::ResetClient();
 }
 
+void System::ResetBootMode()
+{
+  // Preserve exe/psf boot.
+  if (s_boot_mode == BootMode::BootEXE || s_boot_mode == BootMode::BootPSF)
+  {
+    DebugAssert(!s_exe_override.empty());
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Reset fast boot flag from settings.
+  const bool wants_fast_boot = (g_settings.bios_patch_fast_boot && CDROM::IsMediaPS1Disc() && s_bios_image_info &&
+                                s_bios_image_info->patch_compatible);
+  const System::BootMode new_boot_mode = (s_state != System::State::Starting) ?
+                                           (wants_fast_boot ? System::BootMode::FastBoot : System::BootMode::FullBoot) :
+                                           s_boot_mode;
+  if (new_boot_mode != s_boot_mode)
+  {
+    // Need to reload the BIOS to wipe out the patching.
+    Error error;
+    if (!LoadBIOS(&error))
+      ERROR_LOG("Failed to reload BIOS on boot mode change, the system may be unstable: {}", error.GetDescription());
+  }
+
+  s_boot_mode = new_boot_mode;
+  if (s_boot_mode == BootMode::FastBoot)
+  {
+    if (s_bios_image_info && s_bios_image_info->patch_compatible)
+    {
+      // Patch BIOS, this sucks.
+      INFO_LOG("Patching BIOS for fast boot.");
+      BIOS::PatchBIOSFastBoot(Bus::g_bios, Bus::BIOS_SIZE);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      ERROR_LOG("Cannot fast boot, BIOS is incompatible.");
+      s_boot_mode = BootMode::FullBoot;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 std::string System::GetMediaPathFromSaveState(const char* path)
 {
   std::string ret;
@@ -3137,138 +3173,6 @@ void System::DoToggleCheats()
     Host::OSD_QUICK_DURATION);
 }
 
-static bool LoadEXEToRAM(const char* filename, bool patch_bios)
-{
-  std::FILE* fp = FileSystem::OpenCFile(filename, "rb");
-  if (!fp)
-  {
-    ERROR_LOG("Failed to open exe file '{}'", filename);
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  std::fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_END);
-  const u32 file_size = static_cast<u32>(std::ftell(fp));
-  std::fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_SET);
-
-  BIOS::PSEXEHeader header;
-  if (std::fread(&header, sizeof(header), 1, fp) != 1 || !BIOS::IsValidPSExeHeader(header, file_size))
-  {
-    ERROR_LOG("'{}' is not a valid PS-EXE", filename);
-    std::fclose(fp);
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  if (header.memfill_size > 0)
-  {
-    const u32 words_to_write = header.memfill_size / 4;
-    u32 address = header.memfill_start & ~UINT32_C(3);
-    for (u32 i = 0; i < words_to_write; i++)
-    {
-      CPU::SafeWriteMemoryWord(address, 0);
-      address += sizeof(u32);
-    }
-  }
-
-  const u32 file_data_size = std::min<u32>(file_size - sizeof(BIOS::PSEXEHeader), header.file_size);
-  if (file_data_size >= 4)
-  {
-    std::vector<u32> data_words((file_data_size + 3) / 4);
-    if (std::fread(data_words.data(), file_data_size, 1, fp) != 1)
-    {
-      std::fclose(fp);
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    const u32 num_words = file_data_size / 4;
-    u32 address = header.load_address;
-    for (u32 i = 0; i < num_words; i++)
-    {
-      CPU::SafeWriteMemoryWord(address, data_words[i]);
-      address += sizeof(u32);
-    }
-  }
-
-  std::fclose(fp);
-
-  // patch the BIOS to jump to the executable directly
-  const u32 r_pc = header.initial_pc;
-  const u32 r_gp = header.initial_gp;
-  const u32 r_sp = header.initial_sp_base + header.initial_sp_offset;
-  const u32 r_fp = header.initial_sp_base + header.initial_sp_offset;
-  return BIOS::PatchBIOSForEXE(Bus::g_bios, Bus::BIOS_SIZE, r_pc, r_gp, r_sp, r_fp);
-}
-
-bool System::LoadEXE(const char* filename)
-{
-  const std::string libps_path(Path::BuildRelativePath(filename, "libps.exe"));
-  if (!libps_path.empty() && FileSystem::FileExists(libps_path.c_str()) && !LoadEXEToRAM(libps_path.c_str(), false))
-  {
-    ERROR_LOG("Failed to load libps.exe from '{}'", libps_path.c_str());
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  return LoadEXEToRAM(filename, true);
-}
-
-bool System::InjectEXEFromBuffer(const void* buffer, u32 buffer_size, bool patch_bios)
-{
-  const u8* buffer_ptr = static_cast<const u8*>(buffer);
-  const u8* buffer_end = static_cast<const u8*>(buffer) + buffer_size;
-
-  BIOS::PSEXEHeader header;
-  if (buffer_size < sizeof(header))
-    return false;
-
-  std::memcpy(&header, buffer_ptr, sizeof(header));
-  buffer_ptr += sizeof(header);
-
-  const u32 file_size = static_cast<u32>(static_cast<u32>(buffer_end - buffer_ptr));
-  if (!BIOS::IsValidPSExeHeader(header, file_size))
-    return false;
-
-  if (header.memfill_size > 0)
-  {
-    const u32 words_to_write = header.memfill_size / 4;
-    u32 address = header.memfill_start & ~UINT32_C(3);
-    for (u32 i = 0; i < words_to_write; i++)
-    {
-      CPU::SafeWriteMemoryWord(address, 0);
-      address += sizeof(u32);
-    }
-  }
-
-  const u32 file_data_size = std::min<u32>(file_size - sizeof(BIOS::PSEXEHeader), header.file_size);
-  if (file_data_size >= 4)
-  {
-    std::vector<u32> data_words((file_data_size + 3) / 4);
-    if ((buffer_end - buffer_ptr) < file_data_size)
-      return false;
-
-    std::memcpy(data_words.data(), buffer_ptr, file_data_size);
-
-    const u32 num_words = file_data_size / 4;
-    u32 address = header.load_address;
-    for (u32 i = 0; i < num_words; i++)
-    {
-      CPU::SafeWriteMemoryWord(address, data_words[i]);
-      address += sizeof(u32);
-    }
-  }
-
-  // patch the BIOS to jump to the executable directly
-  if (patch_bios)
-  {
-    const u32 r_pc = header.initial_pc;
-    const u32 r_gp = header.initial_gp;
-    const u32 r_sp = header.initial_sp_base + header.initial_sp_offset;
-    const u32 r_fp = header.initial_sp_base + header.initial_sp_offset;
-    if (!BIOS::PatchBIOSForEXE(Bus::g_bios, Bus::BIOS_SIZE, r_pc, r_gp, r_sp, r_fp))
-      return false;
-  }
-
-  return true;
-}
-
 #if 0
 // currently not used until EXP1 is implemented
 
@@ -5308,7 +5212,8 @@ void System::RequestDisplaySize(float scale /*= 0.0f*/)
   u32 requested_height =
     std::max<u32>(static_cast<u32>(std::ceil(static_cast<float>(g_gpu->GetCRTCDisplayHeight()) * y_scale * scale)), 1);
 
-  if (g_settings.display_rotation == DisplayRotation::Rotate90 || g_settings.display_rotation == DisplayRotation::Rotate180)
+  if (g_settings.display_rotation == DisplayRotation::Rotate90 ||
+      g_settings.display_rotation == DisplayRotation::Rotate180)
     std::swap(requested_width, requested_height);
 
   Host::RequestResizeHostDisplay(static_cast<s32>(requested_width), static_cast<s32>(requested_height));

src/core/system.h

@@ -109,6 +109,14 @@ enum class State
   Stopping,
 };
 
+enum class BootMode
+{
+  FullBoot,
+  FastBoot,
+  BootEXE,
+  BootPSF,
+};
+
 using GameHash = u64;
 
 extern TickCount g_ticks_per_second;
@@ -194,10 +202,6 @@ ALWAYS_INLINE_RELEASE TickCount UnscaleTicksToOverclock(TickCount ticks, TickCou
 TickCount GetMaxSliceTicks();
 void UpdateOverclock();
 
-/// Injects a PS-EXE into memory at its specified load location. If patch_loader is set, the BIOS will be patched to
-/// direct execution to this executable.
-bool InjectEXEFromBuffer(const void* buffer, u32 buffer_size, bool patch_loader = true);
-
 u32 GetGlobalTickCounter();
 u32 GetFrameNumber();
 u32 GetInternalFrameNumber();
@@ -207,10 +211,11 @@ void FrameDone();
 const std::string& GetDiscPath();
 const std::string& GetGameSerial();
 const std::string& GetGameTitle();
+const std::string& GetExeOverride();
 const GameDatabase::Entry* GetGameDatabaseEntry();
 GameHash GetGameHash();
 bool IsRunningUnknownGame();
-bool WasFastBooted();
+BootMode GetBootMode();
 
 /// Returns the time elapsed in the current play session.
 u64 GetSessionPlayedTime();