Supermodel/Src/Graphics/Legacy3D/Legacy3D.h

 /**
 ** Supermodel
 ** A Sega Model 3 Arcade Emulator.
 ** Copyright 2011 Bart Trzynadlowski, Nik Henson 
 **
 ** This file is part of Supermodel.
 **
 ** Supermodel is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
 ** the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free 
 ** Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option)
 ** any later version.
 **
 ** Supermodel is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 ** ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 ** FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
 ** more details.
 **
 ** You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
 ** with Supermodel.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 **/
 
/*
 * Legacy3D.h
 * 
 * Header file defining the CLegacy3D class: Supermodel's original OpenGL 
 * Real3D graphics engine.
 */

#ifndef INCLUDED_LEGACY3D_H
#define INCLUDED_LEGACY3D_H

#include "Graphics/IRender3D.h"
#include "Pkgs/glew.h"
#include "Util/NewConfig.h"

namespace Legacy3D {

/******************************************************************************
 Internal Definitions and Data Structures
******************************************************************************/

// Model caches sort models by alpha (translucency) state
enum POLY_STATE
{
	POLY_STATE_NORMAL = 0,
	POLY_STATE_ALPHA
};

struct Vertex
{
	GLfloat	x,y,z;	    // vertex
	GLfloat	n[3];	      // normal X, Y, Z
	GLfloat	u,v;	      // texture U, V coordinates (in texels, relative to selected texture)
	GLfloat intensity;  // shading intensity (if using per-vertex fixed shading)
};

struct Poly
{
	Vertex			Vert[4];
	GLfloat			n[3];		// polygon normal (used for backface culling and flat shading)
	POLY_STATE		state;		// alpha or normal?
	unsigned		numVerts;	// triangle (3) or quad (4)
	const UINT32	*header;	// pointer to Real3D 7-word polygon header
};

/*
 * VBORef:
 *
 * Reference to model polygons stored in a VBO. Each reference has two sets of
 * vertices: normal and alpha. Copies of the model with different texture
 * offsets applied are searchable via the linked list of texture offset states.
 *
 * Technically, a model may contain a mix of layered and non-layered polygons
 * but we can't support that level of granularity in the current engine. The 
 * useStencil flag is set only when all polygons in a model are layered, and
 * also may be set when we detect that a polygon is likely to be used as a
 * shadow. On the actual hardware, these are not stenciled but are most likely
 * implemented with stipple masks. We cheat here to make shadows look nicer.
 */

struct VBORef
{
	unsigned index[2];		// index of model polygons in VBO
	unsigned numVerts[2]; // number of vertices
	unsigned lutIdx;      // LUT index associated with this model (for fast LUT clearing)
	
	VBORef *nextTextureOffsetState; // linked list of models with different texture offset states
	uint16_t textureOffsetState;    // texture offset data for this model
	bool useStencil;                // whether to draw with stencil mask ("layered" polygons)
	
	CTextureRefs texRefs; // unique texture references contained in this model
	
	/*
	 * Clear():
	 *
	 * Clears the VBORef by setting all fields to 0 and clearing the texture
	 * references.
	 */
	inline void Clear(void)
	{
		texRefs.Clear();
		lutIdx = 0;
		textureOffsetState = 0;
		nextTextureOffsetState = NULL;
		useStencil = false;
		for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
		{
			index[i] = 0;
			numVerts[i] = 0;
		}
	}
};

// Display list items: model instances and viewport settings
struct DisplayList
{
	// Viewport instance data
	struct ViewportInstance
	{
		GLfloat	projectionMatrix[4*4];	// projection matrix
		GLfloat	lightingParams[6];		  // lighting parameters (see RenderViewport() and vertex shader)
		GLfloat	spotEllipse[4];			    // spotlight ellipse (see RenderViewport())
		GLfloat	spotRange[2];			      // Z range
		GLfloat	spotColor[3];			      // color
		GLfloat fogParams[5];			      // fog parameters (...)
		GLint		x, y;					          // viewport coordinates (scaled and in OpenGL format)
		GLint		width, height;			    // viewport dimensions (scaled for display surface size)
	};
	
	// Model instance data
	struct ModelInstance
	{
		GLfloat		modelViewMatrix[4*4]; // model-view matrix
		unsigned	index;					      // index in VBO
		unsigned	numVerts;				      // number of vertices
		GLint		  frontFace;				    // GL_CW (default), GL_CCW, or -GL_CW to indicate no culling
		bool      useStencil;           // draw with stencil testing
	};

  bool isViewport;    // if true, this is a viewport node
	union
	{
	  ModelInstance     Model;
	  ViewportInstance  Viewport;
	} Data;
	DisplayList	*next;  // next display list item with the same state (alpha or non-alpha)
};

/*
 * ModelCache:
 *
 * A model cache tracks all models in a particular region (ie., VROM or polygon
 * RAM). It contains a look-up table to quickly obtain VBO indices. Be careful
 * when accessing the LUT, there are some special cases.
 *
 * If the model cache is marked dynamic, cached models may not necessarily be
 * retained. Clearing the model cache is also much faster. The LUT entry for 
 * the last model cached will be valid, but because the LUT may not be
 * cleared, one cannot assume a model exists because there is a LUT entry
 * pointing to it. Always use NeedToCache() to determine whether caching is
 * necessary before reading the LUT!
 */
struct ModelCache
{
	// Cache type
	bool		dynamic;
	
	// Vertex buffer object
	unsigned	vboMaxOffset;	// size of VBO (in bytes)
	unsigned	vboCurOffset;	// current offset in VBO (in bytes)
	GLuint		vboID;			// OpenGL VBO handle
	
	// Local vertex buffers (enough for a single model)
	unsigned	maxVertIdx;		// size of each local vertex buffer (in vertices)
	unsigned	curVertIdx[2];	// current vertex index (in vertices)
	GLfloat		*verts[2];
	
	// Array of cached models
	unsigned	maxModels;	// maximum number of models
	unsigned	numModels;	// current number stored
	VBORef		*Models;
	
	/*
	 * Look-Up Table:
	 *
	 * Can be accessed directly with a LUT index to determine the model index.
	 * However, it should not be used to determine whether a model needs to be
	 * cached. Use NeedToCache() instead. A valid index, for example, may still
	 * have to be re-cached if the model cache is dynamic (polygon RAM).
	 */
	unsigned	lutSize;	// number of elements in LUT
	INT16		*lut;		// stores indices into Models[] or -1 if not yet cached

	// Display list
	unsigned	maxListSize;	// maximum number of display list items
	unsigned	listSize;		// number of items in display list
	DisplayList	*List;			// holds all display list items
	DisplayList	*ListHead[2];	// heads of linked lists for each state
	DisplayList	*ListTail[2];	// current tail node for each state
};

struct TexSheet
{
	unsigned sheetNum;
	unsigned mapNum;
	unsigned xOffset;
	unsigned yOffset;

	/*
	 * Texture Format Buffer
	 *
	 * Records the format that a texture (at a given location within the
	 * texture sheet) is currently stored in. A negative value indicates the
	 * texture has not been accessed and converted yet and non-negative values
	 * correspond to the texture format bits in the polygon headers. They can
	 * be used to determine whether a texture needs to be updated.
	 */
	int	 texWidth[2048/32][2048/32];
	int	 texHeight[2048/32][2048/32];
	INT8 texFormat[2048/32][2048/32];
};

/******************************************************************************
 CLegacy3D Classes
******************************************************************************/

/*
 * CLegacy3D:
 *
 * 3D renderer. Lots of work to do here :)
 */
class CLegacy3D: public IRender3D
{
	friend class CTextureRefs;

public:
	/*
	 * RenderFrame(void):
	 *
	 * Renders the complete scene database. Must be called between BeginFrame() and
	 * EndFrame(). This function traverses the scene database and builds up display 
	 * lists.
	 */
	void RenderFrame(void);
	
	/*
	 * BeginFrame(void):
	 *
	 * Prepare to render a new frame. Must be called once per frame prior to
	 * drawing anything.
	 */
	void BeginFrame(void);
	
	/*
	 * EndFrame(void):
	 *
	 * Signals the end of rendering for this frame. Must be called last during
	 * the frame.
	 */
	void EndFrame(void);
	
	/*
	 * UploadTextures(x, y, width, height):
	 *
	 * Signals that a portion of texture RAM has been updated.
	 *
	 * Parameters:
	 *		x		X position within texture RAM.
	 *		y		Y position within texture RAM.
	 *		width	Width of texture data in texels.
	 *		height	Height.
	 */
	void UploadTextures(unsigned level, unsigned x, unsigned y, unsigned width, unsigned height);
	
	/*
	 * AttachMemory(cullingRAMLoPtr, cullingRAMHiPtr, polyRAMPtr, vromPtr,
	 * 				textureRAMPtr):
	 *
	 * Attaches RAM and ROM areas. This must be done prior to any rendering
	 * otherwise the program may crash with an access violation.
	 *
	 * Parameters:
	 *		cullingRAMLoPtr		Pointer to low culling RAM (4 MB).
	 *		cullingRAMHiPtr		Pointer to high culling RAM (1 MB).
	 *		polyRAMPtr			Pointer to polygon RAM (4 MB).
	 *		vromPtr				Pointer to video ROM (64 MB).
	 *		textureRAMPtr		Pointer to texture RAM (8 MB).
	 */
	void AttachMemory(const UINT32 *cullingRAMLoPtr,
					  const UINT32 *cullingRAMHiPtr, const UINT32 *polyRAMPtr,
					  const UINT32 *vromPtr, const UINT16 *textureRAMPtr);

	/*
	 * SetStepping(stepping):
	 *
	 * Sets the Model 3 hardware stepping, which also determines the Real3D
	 * functionality. The default is Step 1.0. This should be called prior to 
	 * any other emulation functions and after Init().
	 *
	 * Parameters:
	 *    stepping  0x10 for Step 1.0, 0x15 for Step 1.5, 0x20 for Step 2.0, or
	 *              0x21 for Step 2.1. Anything else defaults to 1.0.
	 */
	void SetStepping(int stepping);
	
	/*
	 * Init(xOffset, yOffset, xRes, yRes, totalXRes, totalYRes):
	 *
	 * One-time initialization of the context. Must be called before any other
	 * members (meaning it should be called even before being attached to any
	 * other objects that want to use it).
	 *
	 * External shader files are loaded according to configuration settings.
	 *
	 * Parameters:
	 *		xOffset		X offset of the viewable area within OpenGL display 
	 *                  surface, in pixels.
	 *		yOffset		Y offset.
	 *		xRes		Horizontal resolution of the viewable area.
	 *		yRes		Vertical resolution.
	 *		totalXRes	Horizontal resolution of the complete display area.
	 *		totalYRes	Vertical resolution.
	 *
	 * Returns:
	 *		OKAY is successful, otherwise FAILED if a non-recoverable error
	 *		occurred. Any allocated memory will not be freed until the
	 *		destructor is called. Prints own error messages.
	 */
	bool Init(unsigned xOffset, unsigned yOffset, unsigned xRes, unsigned yRes, unsigned totalXRes, unsigned totalYRes);
	 
	/*
	 * CLegacy3D(void):
	 * ~CLegacy3D(void):
	 *
	 * Parameters:
	 *    config  Configuration object.
	 *
	 * Constructor and destructor.
	 */
	CLegacy3D(const Util::Config::Node &config);
	~CLegacy3D(void);

private:
	/*
	 * Private Members
	 */

	// Real3D address translation
	const UINT32 *TranslateCullingAddress(UINT32 addr);
	const UINT32 *TranslateModelAddress(UINT32 addr);
	
	// Model caching and display list management
	void 			DrawDisplayList(ModelCache *Cache, POLY_STATE state);
	bool 			AppendDisplayList(ModelCache *Cache, bool isViewport, const struct VBORef *Model);
	void 			ClearDisplayList(ModelCache *Cache);
	int       GetTextureBaseX(const Poly *P) const;
	int       GetTextureBaseY(const Poly *P) const;
	bool 			InsertPolygon(ModelCache *cache, const Poly *p);
	void 			InsertVertex(ModelCache *cache, const Vertex *v, const Poly *p, float normFlip);
	struct VBORef	*BeginModel(ModelCache *cache);
	void			EndModel(ModelCache *cache, struct VBORef *Model, int lutIdx, UINT16 textureOffsetState, bool useStencil);
	struct VBORef	*CacheModel(ModelCache *cache, int lutIdx, UINT16 textureOffsetState, const UINT32 *data);
	struct VBORef	*LookUpModel(ModelCache *cache, int lutIdx, UINT16 textureOffsetState);
	void 			ClearModelCache(ModelCache *cache);
	bool 			CreateModelCache(ModelCache *cache, unsigned vboMaxVerts, unsigned localMaxVerts, unsigned maxNumModels, unsigned numLUTEntries, unsigned displayListSize, bool isDynamic);
	void 			DestroyModelCache(ModelCache *cache);
	
	// Texture management
	void DecodeTexture(int format, int x, int y, int width, int height);
	
	// Matrix stack
	void	MultMatrix(UINT32 matrixOffset);
	void 	InitMatrixStack(UINT32 matrixBaseAddr);
	
	// Scene database traversal
	bool DrawModel(UINT32 modelAddr);
	void DescendCullingNode(UINT32 addr);
	void DescendPointerList(UINT32 addr);
	void DescendNodePtr(UINT32 nodeAddr);
	void RenderViewport(UINT32 addr, int pri, bool wideScreen);
	
	// In-frame error reporting
	bool ErrorLocalVertexOverflow(void);
	bool ErrorUnableToCacheModel(UINT32 modelAddr);
	void ClearErrors(void);
	
	/*
	 * Data
	 */
  
  const Util::Config::Node &m_config;
	
	// Stepping
	int		step;
	int		offset;			// offset to subtract for words 3 and higher of culling nodes
	GLfloat	vertexFactor;	// fixed-point conversion factor for vertices
	
	// Memory (passed from outside)
	const UINT32	*cullingRAMLo;	// 4 MB
	const UINT32	*cullingRAMHi;	// 1 MB
	const UINT32	*polyRAM;		// 4 MB
	const UINT32	*vrom;			// 64 MB
	const UINT16	*textureRAM;	// 8 MB
	
	// Error reporting
	unsigned	errorMsgFlags;	// tracks which errors have been printed this frame
	
	// Real3D Base Matrix Pointer
	const float	*matrixBasePtr;
	
	// Current viewport parameters (updated as viewports are traversed)
	GLfloat	lightingParams[6];
	GLfloat	fogParams[5];
	GLfloat	spotEllipse[4];
	GLfloat	spotRange[2];
	GLfloat	spotColor[3];
	GLint	viewportX, viewportY;
	GLint	viewportWidth, viewportHeight;
	
	// Scene graph processing
	int		listDepth;	        // how many lists have we recursed into
	int		stackDepth;	        // for debugging and error handling purposes
	struct TextureOffset
	{
	  int x;          // x offset
	  int y;          // y offset (wraps within 2048x1023 texel bank)
	  int switchBank; // 0: use bank from polygon header, 1024: swap banks
	  uint16_t state; // x, y, and bank states compromise a unique key
	  TextureOffset(uint32_t data)
	    : x(32 * ((data >> 7) & 0x7F)),
	      y(32 * (data & 0x7F)),
	      switchBank((data & 0x4000) >> 4),
	      state(data & 0x7FFF)
	  {}
	  TextureOffset()
	    : x(0),
	      y(0),
	      switchBank(false),
	      state(0)
	  {}
	} m_textureOffset;
	UINT32  m_colorTableAddr = 0x400; // address of color table in polygon RAM
	
	// Resolution and scaling factors (to support resolutions higher than 496x384) and offsets
	GLfloat		xRatio, yRatio;
	unsigned	xOffs, yOffs;
	unsigned 	totalXRes, totalYRes;
	
	// Texture details
	static int	defaultFmtToTexSheetNum[8];  // default mapping from Model3 texture format to texture sheet	
	unsigned    numTexMaps;                  // total number of texture maps
	GLuint		texMapIDs[9];                // GL texture IDs of texture maps
	unsigned    numTexSheets;                // total number of texture sheets
	TexSheet   *texSheets;                   // texture sheet objects
	TexSheet   *fmtToTexSheet[8];            // final mapping from Model3 texture format to texture sheet
	
	// Shader programs and input data locations
	GLuint	shaderProgram;			// shader program object
	GLuint	vertexShader;			// vertex shader handle
	GLuint	fragmentShader;			// fragment shader
	GLint   textureMapLoc;          // location of "textureMap" uniform (if available)
	GLint	textureMapLocs[8];		// location of "textureMap[0-7]" uniforms (if available)
	GLint	modelViewMatrixLoc;		// uniform
	GLint	projectionMatrixLoc;	// uniform
	GLint	lightingLoc;			// uniform
	GLint   mapSizeLoc;             // uniform
	GLint	spotEllipseLoc;			// uniform
	GLint	spotRangeLoc;			// uniform
	GLint	spotColorLoc;			// uniform
	GLint	subTextureLoc;			// attribute
	GLint	texParamsLoc;			// attribute
	GLint	texFormatLoc;			// attribute
	GLint   texMapLoc;              // attribute
	GLint	transLevelLoc;			// attribute
	GLint	lightEnableLoc;			// attribute
	GLint	specularLoc;			// attribute
	GLint	shininessLoc;			// attribute
	GLint	fogIntensityLoc;		// attribute
	
	// Model caching
	ModelCache	VROMCache;	// VROM (static) models
	ModelCache	PolyCache;	// polygon RAM (dynamic) models
	
	/*
 	 * Texture Decode Buffer
 	 *
 	 * Textures are decoded and copied from texture RAM into this temporary buffer
 	 * before being uploaded. Dimensions are 512x512.
 	 */
	GLfloat	*textureBuffer;	// RGBA8 format
};

} // Legacy3D

#endif	// INCLUDED_LEGACY3D_H